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浣溪沙·送梅庭老赴上党学官

【作者】苏轼【朝代】宋

拼音

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门外东风雪洒裾。山头回首望三吴。不应弹铗为无鱼。
上党从来天下脊，先生元是古之儒。时平不用鲁连书。

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送别情感场景抒怀

译文注释

门外的东风把春雪吹洒在先生您的衣襟上，当您登上太行山头时一定会回过头来眺望三吴故乡。既然做了学官，就不应计较被派到了那艰苦的地方。
上党地势险要，历来被人称作天下之脊，先生志向远大，原来就以治理天下为己任。恰逢太平之时也是您不被重用的原因。

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译文注释

⑴浣溪沙：本唐代教坊曲名，因西施浣纱于若耶溪，故又名《浣溪纱》或《浣沙溪》。上下片三个七字句。四十二字。分平仄两体。平韵体流传至今。最早的是唐人韩偓词，是正体。上片三句全用韵，下片末二句用韵。过片二句用对偶句的居多。仄韵体始于南唐李煜。又有《小庭花》等二十余种异名。另有《摊破浣溪沙》，又名《山花子》，上下片各增三字，韵位不变。此调音节明快，句式整齐，易于上口，为婉约、豪放两派词人所常用。
⑵梅庭老：作者友人，生平不详，学官，州学教授。从词里可知他是三吴地区（“三吴”，众说不一，大概指今浙东、苏南一带）人。
⑶上党：一作“潞州”，位于现在的山西长治，北宋时与辽国接近，地属偏远。
⑷学官：官职名，负责地方文教，职位不显。
⑸裾：衣的前襟。
⑹三吴：古地区名，说法不一，大致指今江苏、浙江的苏州、吴兴、绍兴一带。
⑺弹铗为无鱼：战国齐人冯谖为孟尝君食客，嫌生活清苦，弹剑而歌：“长铗归来乎，食无鱼！”铗，指剑把或剑。
⑻脊：脊梁。上党其地甚高，古有与天为党之说，故云“天下脊”。
⑼先生：指梅庭老。
⑽鲁连书：《史记·鲁仲连列传》：齐军攻打聊城一年多不能下，鲁仲连写书信给守城燕将，燕将见书哭泣三日，犹豫不决而自杀。这句话：如今天下太平用不上鲁仲连这类书信。意劝梅庭老安心去作学官，不要想去立什么奇功。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

“门外东风雪洒裾”，是写送别的时间与景象。尽管春已来临，但因春雪，而气候尚很寒冷。而“飞雪似梅花”的情景，隐含无限惜别之意。这时有“雪洒裾（衣襟）”，而不言“泪沾衣”，颇具豪爽气概。次句即有一较大跳跃，由眼前写到别后，想象梅庭老别去途中，于“山头回首望三吴”，对故园依依不舍。这里作者不是强调三吴可恋，而是写一种人之常情。第三句再进一层，谓“不应弹铗为无鱼。”这句用战国齐人冯谖事，冯谖为孟尝君食客，曾嫌不受重视，弹铗（宝剑）作歌道：“长铗归来乎，食无鱼”（《战国策·齐策》）。此句意谓梅庭老做了学官，不必唱归来了。同时又似乎是说，尽... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

苏轼（1037年1月8日－1101年8月24日），字子瞻，号“东坡居士”，世称“苏东坡”。汉族，眉州人。北宋诗人、词人，宋代文学家，是豪放派词人的主要代表之一，“唐宋八大家”之一。在政治上属于旧党，但也有改革弊政的要求。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，其诗题材广泛，内容丰富，现存诗3900余首。代表作品有《水调歌头·中秋》、《赤壁赋》、《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》、《记承天寺夜游》等。百科详情>>

浣溪沙·送梅庭老赴上党学官

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