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【作者】朱熹【朝代】南宋

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译文

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bàn

半

mǔ

亩

fāng

方

táng

塘

yī

一

jiàn

鉴

kāi

开

，

tiān

天

guāng

光

yún

云

yǐng

影

gòng

共

pái

徘

huái

徊

。

wèn

问

qú

渠

nǎ

那

dé

得

qīng

清

rú

如

xǔ

许

？

wèi

为

yǒu

有

yuán

源

tóu

头

huó

活

shuǐ

水

lái

来

。

半亩大的方形池塘像一面镜子一样展现在眼前，天空的光彩和浮云的影子都在镜子中一起移动。要问为何那方塘的水会这样清澈呢？是因为有那永不枯竭的源头为它源源不断地输送活水啊。

半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。

半亩大的方形池塘像一面镜子一样展现在眼前，天空的光彩和浮云的影子都在镜子中一起移动。

问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。

要问为何那方塘的水会这样清澈呢？是因为有那永不枯竭的源头为它源源不断地输送活水啊。

半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。
问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。

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写景古诗三百首读书哲理初中古诗景色数字

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

(1)方塘：又称半亩塘，在福建尤溪城南郑义斋馆舍（后为南溪书院）内。朱熹父亲松与郑交好，故尝有《蝶恋花•醉宿郑氏别墅》词云：“清晓方塘开一境。落絮如飞，肯向春风定。”鉴：镜。古人以铜为镜，包以镜袱，用时打开。
(2)这句是说天的光和云的影子反映在塘水之中，不停地变动，犹如人在徘徊。
(3)渠：他，指方塘。那（nǎ）得：怎么会。那：通“哪”，怎么的意思。清如许：这样清澈。
(4)源头活水“：源头活水比喻知识是不断更新和发展的，从而不断积累，只有在人生的学习中不断学习运用探索，才能使自己永葆先进和活力，就像水源头一样。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

《观书有感》是宋代理学家朱熹的组诗作品。这是一首借景喻理的名诗。全诗以方塘作比喻，形象地表达了一种微妙难言的读书感受。池塘并不是一泓死水，而是常有活水注入，因此像明镜一样，清澈见底，映照着天光云影。这种情景，同一个人在读书中理通问题、获得新知而大有收益、提高认识时的情形颇为相似。这首诗所表现的读书有悟、有得时的那种灵气流动、思路明畅、精神清新活泼而自得自在的境界，正是作者作为一位大学问家的切身的读书感受。诗中所表达的这种感受虽然仅就读书而言，却寓意深刻、内涵丰富，可以做广泛的理解。特别是“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”两句，借水之清澈，是因为有源头活水不断注入，暗喻人要心灵澄明，就得认真读书，时时补充新知识。因此人们常常用来比喻不断学习新知识，才能达到新境界。人们也用这两句诗来赞美一个人的学问或艺术的成就，自有其深厚的渊源。读者也可以从这首诗中得到启发，只有思想永远活跃，以开明宽阔的胸襟，接受种种不同的思想、鲜活的知识，广泛包容，方能才思不断，细水长流。这两句诗已浓缩为常用成语“源头活水”，用以比喻事物发展的源泉和动力。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

庆元二年(1196年) ，为避权臣韩侘胄之祸，朱熹与门人黄干、蔡沈、黄钟来到新城福山(今黎川县社苹乡竹山村)双林寺侧的武夷堂讲学，并写下《福山》一诗。在此期间，他往来于南城、南丰。在南城应利元吉、邓约礼之邀作《建昌军进士题名记》一文，文中对建昌人才辈出发出由衷赞美。又应南城县.上塘蛤蟆窝村吴伦、吴常兄弟之邀，到该村讲学，为吴氏厅堂书写"荣木轩”，为读书亭书写“书楼”，并为吴氏兄弟创办的社仓撰写了《社仓记》。还在该村写下了“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”(《观书有感》)的著名诗句。朱熹离村后，村民便将蛤蟆窝村改为源头村,民国时曾设活水乡(今属上塘镇)以纪念朱熹。在南丰曾巩读书岩石壁上刻有朱熹手书”书岩”二字,在岩穴下小池壁上刻有朱熹手书“墨池”二字。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

这首诗借景写理，人们称这类诗为哲理诗。

方塘，又称半亩塘，在福建尤溪城南郑义斋馆舍（后为南溪书院）内。

“天光云影共徘徊”是说天的光和云的影子反映在塘水之中，不停地变动，犹如人在徘徊。

后两句诗已凝缩为常用成语“源头活水”用以比喻事物发展的源泉和动力。

赏析

朱熹（1130—1200），字元晦，叉仲砖，号晦庵，晚号晦翁。古徽州婺源县（今属江西）人，是继孔子之后又一位具有世界影响的思想家、哲学家、教育家，是中国十一世纪一位百科全书式的学问渊博的学者，是宋代理学的集大成者，他继承魏晋以来儒、佛、道、二程（程颢、程颐）的思想，把自然、社会、人生等方面的问题融於一炉，建立起一个庞大的客观唯心主义体系。
朱熹《观书有感》是一首说理诗。从字面上看好像是一首风景之作，实际上说的是读书对于一个人的重要性。这首诗包含着隽永的意味和深刻的哲理，富于启发而又历久常新，寄托着诗人对读书人的殷切希望。... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

朱熹（1130年9月15日～1200年4月23日），行五十二，小名沋郎，小字季延，字元晦，一字仲晦，号晦庵，晚称晦翁，又称紫阳先生、考亭先生、沧州病叟、云谷老人、沧洲病叟、逆翁。谥文，又称朱文公。汉族，祖籍南宋江南东路徽州府婺源县（今江西省婺源），出生于南剑州尤溪（今属福建三明市）。南宋著名的理学家、思想家、哲学家、教育家、诗人、闽学派的代表人物，世称朱子，是孔子、孟子以来最杰出的弘扬儒学的大师。朱熹是程颢、程颐的三传弟子李侗的学生，家境穷困，自小聪颖，弱冠及第，中绍兴十八年进士，历高孝光宁四朝。于建阳云谷结草堂名“晦庵”，在此讲学，世称“考亭学派”，亦称考亭先生。承北宋周敦颐与二程学说，创立宋代研究哲理的学风，称为理学。其著作甚多，辑定《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》为四书作为教本。有《朱文公文集》，通行《四库全书》。百科详情>>

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