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晋献公杀世子申生

【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

拼音

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晋献公将杀其世子申生，公子重耳谓之曰：“子盍言子之志于公乎？”世子曰：“不可。君安骊姬，是我伤公之心也。”曰：“然则盍行乎？”世子曰：“不可。君谓我欲弑君也。天下岂有无父之国哉？吾何行如之？”
使人辞于狐突曰：“申生有罪，不念伯氏之言也，以至于死。申生不敢爱其死。虽然，吾君老矣，子少，国家多难。伯氏不出而图吾君，伯氏苟出而图吾君，申生受赐而死。”再拜稽首，乃卒。是以为恭世子也。

标签:

写人对话古文观止文言文

译文注释

晋献公要杀死他的世子申生，公子重耳对申生说：“你怎么不把心中的委屈向父亲表明呢?”世子说：“不行。君王要有骊姬才舒服，我要是揭发她对我的诬陷，那就太伤老人家的心了。”重耳又说：“既然这样，那么你何不逃走呢?”世子说：“不行。君王认准我要谋害他。天下哪有没有父亲的国家呢?（谁会收留背着弑父罪名的人）我能逃到哪里去呢?”
　　于是申生派人去向师傅狐突诀别说：“申生有罪，没有听从您的教导，以至难免一死。申生不敢贪生怕死。然而，我的国君老了，他的爱子奚齐还年幼，国家将会多灾多难。您不出来为国君谋划政事也就罢了，如果您出来为国君筹划政事，申生虽死也蒙受您的恩惠。”于是拜了两拜，叩了头，就自杀了。因此他的谥号为“恭世子”。

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译文注释

①晋献公：晋国国君。公元前676年至公元前651年在位。世子：又称太子，是天子或诸侯的嫡长子，君位继承人。申生：晋献公嫡长子，夫人齐姜所生。献公宠妾骊姬生子奚齐，骊姬恃宠欲废申生而立奚齐，借献公出外打猎之时，骊姬让太子申生去曲沃祭祀其生母，太子把祭肉祭酒带回献给献公，骊姬在酒肉里下了毒药，待献公打猎回来献上去，以酒祭地，土突起；以肉饲犬，犬死。骊姬诬陷太子弑父。献公听信谗言，逼迫申生自缢。公子重耳、夷吾也被牵连，为避祸而出逃。
②重耳：申生异母弟，即晋文公。
③盍（hé）：通“何”，何不。
④安：安逸，安适，舒服。
⑤何行如之：到哪里去呢?如，到……去。　
⑥辞：辞别，诀别。
狐突：姓狐，名突，字伯行，申生的师傅，重耳的外祖父。
⑦伯氏：对狐突的敬称。念：记住。伯氏之言：鲁闵公二年，晋献公命申生领兵伐东山皋落氏（赤狄别种，在今山西垣曲东南），狐突劝申生乘机出逃，申生没有采纳他的意见。
⑧爱其死：吝惜其死。
⑨子：君之子，指骊姬之子奚齐，时年六岁。国家多难：申生预料死后，其弟兄将因争夺君位而相互残杀。“伯氏”二句：是两个相关的假设句。不出：狐突劝申生出逃，申生没有听从，狐突在伐东山皋落氏以后，就推托有病，在家不出。图吾君：为吾君图。图，谋划，策划。赐：恩惠。稽首：叩头到地，最恭敬的跪拜礼。恭：申生的谥号。“恭”是敬顺事上的意思。申生明知父命是错误的，却仍然顺从而自杀，所以谥“恭”。

来源：古诗文网

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