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四月

【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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yuè

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冬

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日

liè

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风

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发

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。

mín

民

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yǐ

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níng

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mò

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wǒ

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fěi

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天

。

fěi

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四月维夏，六月徂署。先祖匪人，胡宁忍予？
秋日凄凄，百卉具腓。乱离瘼矣，爰其适归？
冬日烈烈，飘风发发。民莫不谷，我独何害？
山有嘉卉，侯栗侯梅。废为残贼，莫知其尤！
相彼泉水，载清载浊。我日构祸，曷云能穀？
滔滔江汉，南国之纪。尽瘁以仕，宁莫我有？
匪鹑匪鸢，翰飞戾天。匪鳣匪鲔，潜逃于渊。
山有蕨薇，隰有杞桋。君子作歌，维以告哀。

标签:

迁谪诗经

译文注释

四月已经是夏天，六月酷暑就将完。祖先不是别家人，怎忍让我受熬煎？
秋日有风风凄凄，百草凋零百花稀。颠沛流离痛苦深，何时才能回家里？
冬日寒气真凛冽，狂风呼啸肤欲裂。没有一家不快活，独我遭灾多悲切！
好树好花满山隈，既有栗树也有梅。大受破坏与残害，不知那是谁的罪。
看那山间泉水横，一会清来一会浑。我却天天遇祸患，哪能做个有福人？
长江汉水浪滔滔，统领南方诸河道。鞠躬尽瘁来办事，可是没人说我好。
为人不如鹰和雕，振翅高飞上云霄。为人不如鲤和鲟，潜入深渊把命逃。
蕨菜薇菜长山里，杞树桋树长洼地。我今作首歌儿唱，满腔悲哀诉说起。

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赏析

从此诗“卒章显志”的末两句“君子作歌，维以告哀”来看，诗人系为抒发强烈悲愤之情而作。后世屈原《九章·惜诵》：“惜诵以致愍兮，发愤以抒情。”其情实与《四月》一脉相通。那么，诗人为什么要“告哀”，告什么哀，这可从前面七章找答案。
前三章是“哀”的内容。二章的“乱离瘼矣，爰其适归”是哀的集中表现，诗人颠沛流离，遭贬谪，被窜逐，无家可归，贫病交加，仓皇狼狈，犹如丧家之犬。
流亡或流放的本身已够悲惨，而主观心境与客观环境更加深了这种悲哀的程度。从首章“先祖匪人，胡宁忍予？”呼天抢地声中，可见诗人怨愤之深。他不是平民，更不是... 古诗文网>>

四月

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