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行路难·其三

【作者】李白【朝代】唐

拼音

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有耳莫洗颍川水，有口莫食首阳蕨。
含光混世贵无名，何用孤高比云月？
吾观自古贤达人，功成不退皆殒身。
子胥既弃吴江上，屈原终投湘水滨。
陆机雄才岂自保？李斯税驾苦不早。
华亭鹤唳讵可闻？上蔡苍鹰何足道？
君不见吴中张翰称达生，秋风忽忆江东行。
且乐生前一杯酒，何须身后千载名？

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人生乐府态度唐诗三百首

译文注释

不要学许由用颍水洗耳，不要学伯夷和叔齐隐居收养采薇而食。在世上活着贵在韬光养晦，为什么要隐居清高自比云月？我看自古以来的贤达之人，功绩告成之后不自行隐退都死于非命。伍子胥被吴王弃于吴江之上，屈原最终抱石自沉汨罗江中。陆机如此雄才大略也无法自保，李斯以自己悲惨的结局为苦。（陆机）是否还能听见华亭的别墅间的鹤唳？（李斯）是否还能在上蔡东门牵鹰打猎？你不知道吴中的张翰是个旷达之人，因见秋风起而想起江东故都。生时有一杯酒就应尽情欢乐，何须在意身后千年的虚名？

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译文注释

①晋朝皇甫谧《高士传》卷上《许由》篇：“尧让天下于许由，……由于是遁耕于中岳颍水之阳，箕山之下……尧又召为九州长，由不欲闻之，洗耳于颍水滨。”
②《史记·伯夷列传》：“武王已平殷乱，天下宗周，而伯夷、叔齐耻之，义不食周粟，隐于首阳山，采薇而食之……遂饿死于首阳山。”《索引》：“薇，蕨也。”按薇、蕨本二草，前人误以为一。
③《高士传》：巢父谓许由曰：“何不隐汝形，藏汝光？”此句言不露锋芒，随世俯仰之意。
④鲍照《拟行路难》：“自古圣贤尽贫贱”。《史记·蔡泽列传》：“四时之序，成功者去。……商君为秦孝公明法令，……功已成矣，而遂以车裂。……白起……功已成矣，而遂赐剑死于杜邮。吴起……功已成矣，而卒枝解。大夫种为越王深谋远计……令越成霸，功已彰而信矣，勾践终负而杀之。此四子者，功成不去，祸至于身？”
⑤子胥：伍子胥。《吴越春秋》卷五《夫差内传》：“吴王闻子胥之怨恨也，乃使人赐属镂之剑，子胥……遂伏剑而死。吴王乃取子胥尸，盛以鸱夷之器，投之于江中。”又见《国语·吴语》。
⑥《晋书·陆机传》载：陆机因宦人诬陷而被杀害于军中，临终叹曰：“华亭鹤唳，岂可复闻乎？”
⑦《史记·李斯列传》载：李斯喟然叹曰：“……斯乃上蔡布衣……今人臣之位，无居臣上者，可谓富贵极矣。物极则衰，吾未知所税驾？”（《索引》：“税驾，犹解驾，言休息也”）
⑧《史记·李斯列传》：“二世二年七月，具斯五刑，论腰斩咸阳市。斯出狱，与其中子俱执，顾谓其中子曰：‘吾欲与若复牵黄犬俱出上蔡东门逐狡兔，岂可得乎！’”《太平御览》卷九二六：《史记》曰：“李斯临刑，思牵黄犬、臂苍鹰，出上蔡门，不可得矣。”

来源：古诗文网

赏析

其一诗的前四句写朋友出于对李白的深厚友情，出于对这样一位天才被弃置的惋惜，不惜金钱，设下盛宴为之饯行。“嗜酒见天真”的李白，要是在平时，因为这美酒佳肴，再加上朋友的一片盛情，肯定是会“一饮三百杯”的。然而，这一次他端起酒杯，却又把酒杯推开了；拿起筷子，却又把筷子放下了。他离开座席，拔下宝剑，举目四顾，心绪茫然。停、投、拔、顾四个连续的动作，形象地显示了内心的苦闷抑郁，感情的激荡变化。接着两句紧承“心茫然”，正面写“行路难”。诗人用“冰塞川”、“雪满山”象征人生道路上的艰难险阻，具有比兴的意味。一个怀有伟大政治抱负的人物，在受诏入... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李白（701－762），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。汉族，祖籍陇西成纪，出生于碎叶城（当时属唐朝领土，今属吉尔吉斯斯坦），4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。李白生活在盛唐时期，二十五岁时只身出蜀，开始了广泛漫游生活，南到洞庭湘江，东至吴、越，寓居在安陆、应山。直到天宝元年（742），因道士吴筠的推荐，李白被召至长安，供奉翰林，后因不能见容于权贵，在京仅两年半，就赐金放还而去，然后飘荡四方的漫游生活。李白和杜甫并称“李杜”。他的诗歌既反映了时代的繁荣景象，也揭露了统治阶级的荒淫和腐败，表现出蔑视权贵，反抗传统束缚，追求自由和理想的积极精神。百科详情>>

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