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上人学苦空，百念已灰冷。
剑头惟一吷，焦谷无新颖。
胡为逐吾辈，文字争蔚炳？
新诗如玉屑，出语便清警。
退之论草书，万事未尝屏。
忧愁不平气，一寓笔所骋。
颇怪浮屠人，视身如丘井。
颓然寄淡泊，谁与发豪猛？
细思乃不然，真巧非幻影。
欲令诗语妙，无厌空且静。
静故了群动，空故纳万境。
阅世走人间，观身卧云岭。
成酸杂众好，中有至味永。
诗法不相妨，此语当更请。

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叙事议论

译文注释

韩愈谈论到张旭狂草时，（认为张旭）心中并未屏蔽万事，反而将其忧愁与不平之气，统统寓于笔端任其驰骋。韩愈很奇怪高闲浮屠氏的草书，视人身为丘井，颓然寄有淡泊之意，又如何发出像（张旭那样）豪迈而不受拘束的气魄呢？仔细一想其实不然，真实的技巧并不是虚幻的泡影。要想使句巧妙，不要嫌恶于空和静。虚静因而能懂得万物之变化，空明所以能接纳万事之境界。阅历世事行走于人间，只见栖身于世外云岭。咸味酸味杂列于诸食物里，其中有着极其隽永的韵味。诗歌与佛法并不相妨碍，上面的话更当允许我说出来。

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译文注释

①苦空：佛教认为生老病死为四苦，又有“四大皆空”之说。《维摩经·弟子品》：“五受阴洞达空无所起，是苦义；诸法究竟无所有，是空义。”　②剑头唯一吷：《庄子·则阳》：“夫吹筦者，犹有嗃也；吹剑首者，吷而已矣。”意思是吹箫管能发出较大的声音，如吹剑环上的小孔，就只能发出细微的声音。
③焦谷：烧焦的谷子。典出《维摩经·观众生品》：“如焦谷芽，如石女儿。”颖：带芒的穗。作者在这里是说，僧人求空寂灭，是其本份，没什么大惊小怪的，也并不新奇。
④蔚炳：指文采华美。这两句的意思是：你作为一个出家之人，为何也像我们这些俗人一样，去追求诗歌艺术的完美？
⑤这两句是称赞参寥子诗写得好。
⑥退之：韩愈字退之。韩愈曾写《送高闲上人序》一文，称赞张旭的草书道：“往时张旭善草书，不治他技，喜怒窘穷，忧悲愉怿，怨恨思慕，酣醉无聊不平，有动于心，必于草书焉发之。……故序之书，变动犹鬼神，不可端倪，以此终其身而名后世。”这四句是说张旭的草书所以通神，是因为乾坤万感，有动于中的缘故。
⑦浮屠人：出家人。
⑧身如丘井：比喻心地寂灭，对世事无所反映。这是就高闲说。还是在《送高闲上人序》中，韩愈又说：“今闲师浮屠化，一死生，解外胶，是其为心，必汩然无所起；其于世，必淡然无所嗜。泊与淡相遭，颓堕委靡，溃败不可收拾，则其于书，得无象之然乎？”这里是说，高闲作为出家人，心地淡泊，无事与发“豪猛”，怎能达到张旭的境界？言下似有微辞，语脉承接“退之”而来。
⑨不然：是对前面所说的高闲由于无以发“豪猛”之气，书法艺术就不高的说法表示否定，正如参寥子的诗语之妙，并非如梦幻泡影，于是由书法转为作诗。
⑩这两句的意思是：正因为静，所以对一切动都能了然于心；正因为空，所以能够容纳万事万物。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

取论高闲上人草书之旨，反其意而论诗，最后落实到“诗法不相妨”上，表达了对禅与诗之间的关系的认识。一般说来，禅宗要求不立文字。诗歌则是语言的艺术，二者区别甚大。但在艺术实践中，诗人以及批评家却发现了它们之间的共同性。所以宋人在其《姑溪居士前集》卷二十九《与李去言》中说： “说禅作诗，本无差别。”固然，要把二者的“本无差别”处说清楚，并不是一件容易的事，但仍有线索可寻。比如，禅与诗都注重对主观精神的反映，禅宗固然是 “心生则种种法生，心灭则种种法灭”，诗歌亦宣称“一切景语皆情语”，因而驱遣万象以就我。所以南宋释绍嵩在《亚愚江浙纪行诗... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

苏轼（1037年1月8日－1101年8月24日），字子瞻，号“东坡居士”，世称“苏东坡”。汉族，眉州人。北宋诗人、词人，宋代文学家，是豪放派词人的主要代表之一，“唐宋八大家”之一。在政治上属于旧党，但也有改革弊政的要求。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，其诗题材广泛，内容丰富，现存诗3900余首。代表作品有《水调歌头·中秋》、《赤壁赋》、《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》、《记承天寺夜游》等。百科详情>>

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