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【作者】李清照【朝代】宋

拼音

译文

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shēng

生

dāng

当

zuò

作

rén

人

jié

杰

，

sǐ

死

yì

亦

wéi

为

guǐ

鬼

xióng

雄

。

zhì

至

jīn

今

sī

思

xiàng

项

yǔ

羽

，

bù

不

kěn

肯

guò

过

jiāng

江

dōng

东

。

生时应当做人中豪杰，死后也要做鬼中英雄。到今天人们还在怀念项羽，因为他不肯苟且偷生，退回江东。

生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。

生时应当做人中豪杰，死后也要做鬼中英雄。

至今思项羽，不肯过江东。

到今天人们还在怀念项羽，因为他不肯苟且偷生，退回江东。

生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。
至今思项羽，不肯过江东。

标签:

爱国古诗三百首情感怀古咏史咏史怀古目的地名励志典故

出自部编版四年级上《古诗三首》

《出塞二首·其一》《凉州词二首·其一》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

生时应当做人中豪杰，死后也要做鬼中英雄。到今天人们还在怀念项羽，因为他不肯苟且偷生，退回江东。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

1.人杰：人中的豪杰。汉高祖曾称赞开国功臣张良、萧何、韩信是“人杰”。
2.鬼雄：鬼中的英雄。屈原《国殇》：“身既死兮神以灵，子魂魄兮为鬼雄。”
3.项羽：秦末时自立为西楚霸王，与刘邦争夺天下，在垓下之战中，兵败自杀。
4.江东：项羽当初随叔父项梁起兵的地方。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

《夏日绝句》是宋代女词人李清照创作的一首五言绝句。这是一首借古讽今、抒发悲愤之情的怀古诗。诗的前两句语出惊人，直抒胸臆，提出人“生当作人杰”，为国建功立业，报效朝廷，“死”也应该做“鬼雄”，方才不愧于顶天立地的好男儿。深深的爱国之情喷涌而出，震撼人心。最后两句，作者通过歌颂项羽的悲壮之举来讽刺南宋当权者不思进取、苟且偷生的无耻行径。全诗只有短短的二十个字，却连用三个典故，可谓字字珠玑，字里行间透出一股正气。这是一首借古讽今、发抒悲愤的怀古诗，又是以诗歌形式写出的时事评论。全诗在字面上只是对千年前的英雄抒发感慨，但对时事沉痛悲愤的谴责之情却溢于言表。她正是在朝廷败逃的情势下被弄得家破人亡，更因此颠沛流离，尝尽人间艰辛。面对时局，难免会怨愤，这种怨愤也正是当时千万蒙难人民共同的怨愤。因此，此诗不仅是抒发了个人的悲愤，又是广大百姓的心声。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

北宋靖康二年（1127），腐败的宋王朝在金兵的沉重打击下瓦解，徽、钦二帝及赵氏亲属和大批臣民被掳北去。赵构带着臣僚仓皇南逃，先逃到扬州，后渡江而至临安（今浙江杭州），在金兵的追袭下，又先后逃往越州（州治在今浙江绍兴）和明州（州治在今浙江宁波）。靖康之变后，李清照之夫赵明诚出任建康知府。一天夜里，城中爆发叛乱，赵明诚不思平叛，反而临阵脱逃。南宋建炎三年（1129）三月，赵明诚罢守建康，与李清照“具舟上芜湖，入姑孰，将卜居赣水上”（《金石录后序》）。四、五月间舟过乌江时，李清照有感于项羽的悲壮，创作此诗。同时，也有暗讽南宋王朝和自己丈夫之意。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊 生字

人杰指人中的豪杰，才智特出的人物。汉高祖刘邦曾称赞开国功臣张良、萧何、韩信是“人杰”。

项羽是秦末农民起义军领袖，自立为西楚霸王，与秦军九战皆败之。后来和汉刘邦争夺天下，被困于垓下，突围至乌江（今安徽和县东北），因无颜见江东父老，自刎而死。

江东指江南。长江在芜湖、南京间作东北流向，隋唐以前，是南北往来的主要渡口所在，习惯上称自此以下的长江南岸地区为江东。

《夏日绝句》是历代传诵、家喻户晓的名篇。其中前两句“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄”已经成为成语，喻指人生在世要有所作为，常用于赞美英雄或烈士，也是仁人志士砥砺节操的宝贵箴言。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

sāi

sè

sài

释义 1.堵；填入 2.堵住器物口的东西

qín

释义 1.周代诸侯国名。至战国时不断强大，成为七雄之一，拥有今陕西大部和甘肃东部地盘，后来灭六国，统一中国 2.朝代名。秦王嬴政所建，是我国第一个中央集权的封建王朝，自公元前221年建立，建都咸阳，至公元前206年秦二世而亡 3.陕西的别称 4.（Qín）姓

zhēng

释义 1.征召；召集 2.征收 3.征求 4.证验；证明 5.表露出来的迹象；现象 6.远行 7.征伐；征讨

jiāng

jiàng

qiāng

释义 1.扶持；搀扶 2.保养 3.带着 4.下象棋时攻击对方的“将”“帅” 5.用言语刺激对方或给对方出难题 6.做 7.顺从 8.介词。相当于“拿”“用”； 9.相当于“把” 10.副词。相当于“将要”； 11.表示勉强达到某个限度； 12.相当于“又”“且”（重复使用） 13.助词。用在动词和“进去”“起来”等表示趋向的补语中间

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李清照这首诗，手起笔落处，端正凝重，力透人胸臆，直指人脊骨。“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄”这不是几个字的精致组合，不是几个词的巧妙润色；是一种精髓的凝练，是一种气魄的承载，是一种所向无惧的人生姿态。那种凛然风骨，浩然正气，充斥天地之间，直令鬼神徒然变色。“当作”之所“亦为”，一个女子啊！纤弱无骨之手，娇柔无力之躯，演绎之柔美，绕指缠心，凄切入骨，细腻感人无以复加。透过她一贯的文笔风格，在她以“婉约派之宗”而著称文坛的光环映彻下。笔端劲力突起，笔锋刚劲显现时，这份刚韧之坚，气势之大，敢问世间须眉几人可以匹敌？“至今思项羽，不肯过江东。... 古诗文网>>

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作者：佚名

　　靖康二年（1127），金兵入侵中原，砸烂宋王朝的琼楼玉苑，掳走徽、钦二帝，赵宋王朝被迫南逃。后来，李清照之夫赵明诚出任建康知府。一天夜里，城... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李清照（1084年3月13日～1155年5月12日），号易安居士，汉族，山东省济南章丘人。宋代（南北宋之交）女词人，婉约词派代表，有“千古第一才女”之称。早期生活优裕，李清照出生于书香门第，早期生活优裕。其父李格非藏书甚富，她小时候就在良好的家庭环境中打下文学基础。出嫁后与夫赵明诚共同致力于书画金石的搜集整理。金兵入据中原时，流寓南方，境遇孤苦。所作词，前期多写其悠闲生活，后期多悲叹身世，情调感伤。形式上善用白描手法，自辟途径，语言清丽。论词强调协律，崇尚典雅，提出词“别是一家”之说，反对以作诗文之法作词。能诗，留存不多，部分篇章感时咏史，情辞慷慨，与其词风不同。有《易安居士文集》《易安词》，已散佚。后人有《漱玉词》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。百科详情>>

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