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【作者】杜甫【朝代】唐

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tiān

天

dì

地

kōng

空

sāo

搔

shǒu

首

，

pín

频

chōu

抽

bái

白

yù

玉

zān

簪

。

huáng

皇

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舆

sān

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极

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北

，

shēn

身

shì

事

wǔ

五

hú

湖

nán

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liàn

恋

quē

阙

láo

劳

gān

肝

fèi

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cái

材

kuì

愧

qǐ

杞

nán

楠

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luàn

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自

jiù

救

，

zhōng

终

shì

是

lǎo

老

xiāng

湘

tán

潭

。

天地空搔首，频抽白玉簪。
皇舆三极北，身事五湖南。
恋阙劳肝肺，论材愧杞楠。
乱离难自救，终是老湘潭。

译文注释

站在楼头望着残破的天地，忧国忧民一筹莫展竟乃人焦虑得不断地在抽拔着头上的白玉簪。想到君王乃是在这三极以北，而我却飘泊在五湖之南，难以报效国家。依恋君主，思念之心极其苦切，但论才能则又觉得有愧于那所作栋梁的杞楠。在乱离之中如今已经不能自救，我恐怕还是要老死在这边远的湘潭。

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译文注释

空搔首：一筹莫展，搔头也无法解决问题。
白玉簪：戴朝冠时用来插定发、冠的器物。
皇舆：国君所乘的高大车子，多借指王朝或国君。
三极北：东西南三极之北。地有四极，长安在北面，故称。
五湖：指洞庭、青草、具区、兆滆、彭蠡五个湖泊。五湖南，写自身所在，远离京都，难以报效国家。
恋阙：心恋京都，即依恋君主。
阙：皇宫门前两边供嘹望的楼，此指皇帝居处，借指朝廷。
劳肝肺：五内俱劳，形容思念之心极其苦切。
论：一作抡。
愧杞楠：愧对栋梁之才。
杞楠：都是高大乔木，材质坚硬，此指栋梁之才。
乱离：因动乱而飘泊。
终：终究。
老：老死。
湘潭：县名，属潭州，位于湖南省中部偏东，今湖南省湘潭市。这里泛指湖南。

来源：

作者介绍

杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称杜工部、杜少陵等，唐朝河南府巩县（河南郑州巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”。杜甫忧国忧民，人格高尚，约1400余首诗被保留了下来，集为《杜工部集》，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。百科详情>>

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