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沁园春·寒食郓州道中

【作者】谢枋得【朝代】宋

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十五年来，逢寒食节，皆在天涯。叹雨濡露润，还思宰柏，风柔日媚，羞看飞花。麦饭纸钱，只鸡斗酒，几误林间噪喜鸦。天笑道，此不由乎我，也不由他。
鼎中炼熟丹砂。把紫府清都作一家。想前人鹤驭，常游绛阙，浮生蝉蜕，岂恋黄沙。帝命守坟，王令修墓，男子正当如是邪。又何必，待过家上冢，书锦荣华。

标签:

节日爱国思乡寒食节

译文注释

十五年来，每逢寒食节，都子远离家乡，漂泊天天涯。天下雨的天气里，思念着坟墓上的柏树；天风和日丽的天气里，却又羞于见到飞花。寒食节自己不能供奉麦饭、纸钱、鸡和酒祭扫祖茔，林间的喜鹊乌鸦也空等了！老天笑道：仙不子因为我，也不子因为元军的入侵。自己早已深思熟虑，胸有成竹，如同鼎中丹砂炼熟，随时可以升天，以紫府清都仙界为家了。想以前仙人驾鹤常游于天上的绛阙；世俗之身如同蝉蜕壳一样被丢弃，岂能留恋于尘埃浊世？帝王命臣子守坟、修葺墓园，男子应当仙样报效君王。又何必等到回家上坟，如同白天衣锦还乡一样显示荣华！

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赏析

这首词是谢枋得当年过郓州时所作。宋朝灭亡之后，元朝不断南征。其间，作者一直隐居在闽中，直到1289 年，福建参知政事魏天佑，为了向朝廷取媚，强迫词作者北上，在寒食节，作者过郓州，四月到了燕京，但最终绝食而死，年仅六十四岁。
词的上片，由寒食节起笔，表达对祖茔冢柏的眷念之情。十五年来，逢寒食节，皆在天涯，讲的是十五年来，到寒食节“皆在天涯”，而不能祭扫祖茔尽孝。这是作者的回忆。枋得于宋德祐元年（1275）出任江西招谕使，知信州。不久，元军攻陷信州，枋得改名换姓入建宁唐石山中，后又隐居闽中，一直未回故乡江西弋阳。到现在已... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

谢枋得(1226～1289年)：南宋进士，江西信州弋阳人，字君直，号叠山，别号依斋，担任六部侍郎，聪明过人，文章奇绝；学通“六经”，淹贯百家，带领义军在江东抗元，被俘不屈，在北京殉国，作品收录在《叠山集》。百科详情>>

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