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古东门行

【作者】柳宗元【朝代】唐

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nèi

内

cáng

藏

bīng

兵

fú

符

，

zi

子

xī

西

yǎn

掩

mèi

袂

zhēn

真

wú

无

gū

辜

。

qiāng

羌

hú

胡

gǔ

毂

xià

下

yī

一

zhāo

朝

qǐ

起

，

dí

敌

guó

国

zhōu

舟

zhōng

中

fēi

非

suǒ

所

nǐ

拟

。

ān

安

líng

陵

shuí

谁

biàn

辨

xuē

削

lì

砺

gōng

功

，

hán

韩

guó

国

jù

讵

míng

明

shēn

深

jǐng

井

lǐ

里

。

jué

绝

yān

胭

duàn

断

gǔ

骨

nà

那

xià

下

bǔ

补

，

wàn

万

jīn

金

chǒng

宠

zèng

赠

bù

不

rú

如

tǔ

土

。

汉家三十六将军，东方雷动横阵云。
鸡鸣函谷客如雾，貌同心异不可数。
赤丸夜语飞电光，徼巡司隶眠如羊。
当街一叱百吏走，冯敬胸中函匕首。
凶徒侧耳潜惬心，悍臣破胆皆杜口。
魏王卧内藏兵符，子西掩袂真无辜。
羌胡毂下一朝起，敌国舟中非所拟。
安陵谁辨削砺功，韩国讵明深井里。
绝胭断骨那下补，万金宠赠不如土。

标签:

借古讽今讽刺

译文注释

亚夫平叛，天兵发威；横扫千里，所向披靡。鸡鸣狗盗，雕虫小技；如蚁门客，貌合神离。少年刺客，杀人无忌；官兵捕快，丧失警惕。歹徒一吼，护卫逃逸；可怜冯敬，遇刺归西。凶手得逞，狞笑窃喜；文武噤声，惊若木鸡。魏王救赵，虚情假意；子西被害，可痛可惜。相如讽喻，车轼防断；吴起劝谏，修德第一。袁盎枉死，真凶难辨；聂政行侠，深井认尸。忠良殉国，人头落地；厚葬犹可，宠赠予谁？

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译文注释

古东门行：乐府旧题，多写时事。
汉家三十六将军：汉景帝三年（前），吴王刘濞纠合六个诸侯王叛乱，史称吴楚七国之乱。景帝命太尉周亚夫率领三十六位将军前往讨伐。
东方：本指吴楚等国，这里是借以暗指叛将吴元济盘踞的淮西地区。吴元济叛乱后，朝廷下令削去其官爵，命令宣武等十六道进军讨伐，一时战云密布，形势紧张。
貌同心异：指人群中的人虽然貌同常人，但各自怀有心事，有的心怀鬼胎。
数：计算，这里转意为识别的意思。
飞电光：形容凶器闪闪发光。
徼巡司隶：掌管京城巡逻和缉捕盗贼的官吏及其手下。
一叱：一声大吼。
百吏走：护卫们四散逃跑。
冯敬：汉文帝时的御史大夫，因奏议淮南厉王谋叛，被刺客杀死。
函：剑匣，这里用作动词，刺进的意思。
凶徒：指王承宗、李师道派出的刺客。
侧耳：躲在一旁探听。
潜惬心：心里暗暗高兴。
悍臣：强悍的大臣，指朝中有权势的文武官员。
杜口：不敢开口说话。
魏王句：据《史记信陵君列传》载，公元前年，秦国攻打赵国，魏王应赵国请求派晋鄙率十万兵马救赵，但魏王和晋鄙并不真心相救，屯兵不前。魏王之弟信陵君应赵国平原君的请求，听从侯嬴的计策，说动魏王的宠姬如姬，从魏王卧室窃得兵符，锥杀晋鄙，夺得魏军的指挥大权，解了赵围。
羌胡毂下：羌胡，是中国古代西北部少数民族的泛称，统治者往往把他们看作威胁自己的危险势力。
毂：车轮。
一朝起：突然出现。
拟：比拟。
削砺功：磨制刀剑的工匠。
讵：哪里。
绝胭断骨：割断咽喉，砍断骨头。胭，一作咽。
那下补：哪能补救。下，一作可。

来源：

赏析

此诗从某种意义上看，也只是发发牢骚而已。诗中多典故，皆隐语，借古讽今，隐而有指，十分曲折含蓄地表达了诗人复杂的思想感情。
众所周知，封建王朝的皇帝是至高无上的。历朝历代，臣下对皇上进谏，必须投其所好，只能用前朝故事或看似不相干的生活趣闻引喻取譬，转弯抹角地表达自己的意见，皇上才有可能恩准采纳。无人敢触龙鳞，逆圣听。否则，轻者丢掉乌纱，为民为奴；重者人头落地，甚至九族遭诛。所以，自古以来，文武百官讽谏启奏都很讲究，唯恐龙颜大怒柳宗元自然深谙此理，故其乐府《古东门行》几乎句句有典，并无锋芒。表面看来，所引者皆前朝之事；但细细... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，汉族，唐朝河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。百科详情>>

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