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满庭芳·茶

【作者】黄庭坚【朝代】宋

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北苑春风，方圭圆璧，万里名动京关。碎身粉骨，功合上凌烟。尊俎风流战胜，降春睡、开拓愁边。纤纤捧，研膏浅乳，金缕鹧鸪斑。
相如，虽病渴，一觞一咏，宾有群贤。便扶起灯前，醉玉颓山。搜搅胸中万卷，还倾动、三峡词源。归来晚，文君未寐，相对小窗前。

标签:

典故写茶咏物

译文注释

北苑茶山春风浮动，茶饼形状万千，方的如圭器，圆的如璧玉，都十分珍贵。茶饼被研磨地粉碎，进奉御用，可谓有功社稷，可与凌烟阁中为国粉身碎骨的忠臣功德并列。这茶又能战胜酒醉风流，解除春天的睡意，清神醒脑，排忧解愁。纤纤玉指，研茶沏水，捧精美茶盏，茶盏绣着金边，纹色如鹧鸪鸟的羽毛。司马相如虽有渴疾，一觞一咏，引来群贤宾客。相如起做灯前，酒兴文采，风姿挺秀。竭尽胸中万卷诗篇，文辞充沛，犹如三峡落水。相如酒醉，很晚才归家，文君并没入寝，两人相对，坐在小窗前面。

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译文注释

满庭芳：词牌名，又名《锁阳台》、《清真集》，入中吕调。九十五字，前片四平韵后片五平韵。过片二字，亦有不叶韵连下为五言句者。
北苑春风：北苑，即今福建建瓯，是贡茶的主要产地。
春风：即指社前之茶。
圭：中国古代在祭祀、宴飨、丧葬以及征伐等活动中使用的器具。圭方璧圆，喻茶饼形状，也指茶饼珍贵。
尊俎风流战：战胜风流尊俎的倒装。尊，通樽，酒杯。
俎：古代祭祀时放祭品的器物。
鹧鸪斑：以其纹色代指茶盏，极珍贵。
醉玉颓山：形容男子风姿挺秀，酒后醉倒的风采。
文君：卓文君（前前）汉代才女，中国古代四大才女之一、蜀中四大才女之一。卓文君与汉代文人司马相如的一段爱情佳话被后人津津乐道。

来源：

赏析

此篇为咏茶词。词中以茶为中心，纵横于名物之中，出入于典故之间，写尽古今风流。词的上片极言茶之风神，下片写邀朋呼侣集茶盛会。
“北苑春风，方圭圆璧，万里名动京关”。词先从茶的名贵说起，北苑在建州，即今福建建瓯，是贡茶的主要产地。由于是贡品，故采择十分讲究，据蔡襄《北苑焙新茶诗》序云：“北苑（茶）发早而味尤佳，社（立春后第五个戊日为春社日）前十五日，即采其牙，日数千工，聚而造之，逼社（临近社日）即入贡。”因此“春风”二字，即指社前之茶。如此讲究产地节令，且“日费数千工 ”，制成的方圆茶饼，蔡絛《铁围山丛谈》卷六且云“... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

黄庭坚（1045－1105），字鲁直，自号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，又称豫章黄先生，汉族，洪州分宁（今江西修水）人。北宋诗人、词人、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，而且，他跟杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄为其中一宗）之称。英宗治平四年(1067)进士。历官叶县尉、北京国子监教授、校书郎、著作佐郎、秘书丞、涪州别驾、黔州安置等。诗歌方面，他与苏轼并称为“苏黄”；书法方面，他则与苏轼、米芾、蔡襄并称为“宋代四大家”；词作方面，虽曾与秦观并称“秦黄”，但黄氏的词作成就却远逊于秦氏。百科详情>>

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