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梅岭三章

【作者】陈毅【朝代】现代

拼音

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断头今日意如何？创业艰难百战多。
此去泉台招旧部，旌旗十万斩阎罗。
南国烽烟正十年，此头须向国门悬。
后死诸君多努力，捷报飞来当纸钱。
投身革命即为家，血雨腥风应有涯。
取义成仁今日事，人间遍种自由花。

出自部编版九年级下《梅岭三章》

讲解背景知识锦囊词语

1934年10月，中央红军在第五次反"围剿"斗争中，因"左"倾冒险主义的错误指挥而导致失败，红军主力不得已被迫作战略转移。陈毅因伤奉命留下，担负起领导江西革命根据地的工农红军进行游击战争的重任。当时形势如黑云压顶，敌强我弱，赣南游击队在敌人重兵围攻中，斗争万分艰苦。《梅岭三章》便是陈毅同志被困梅山，自料难免牺牲的情况下写成的一组带有绝笔性质的诗篇。第一首诗的前两句用倒接法。照理说诗意顺序应是先写革命事业的开创自然是备极艰难，总要付出巨大的代价，再谈如今自己面临即将来到的牺牲的心情。但做诗要是顺着这个意思去写，就显得太平实。诗人把"断头今日意如何"一提前，恰似晴空中的一声惊雷，把一个革命者面对牺牲的情景一下子推到了读者面前，给整个组诗造成了一种苍茫悲壮的基调。对读者来说，则能产生一种凝精聚神，急欲一读的强烈效果。再说这一组诗主要在于抒写一个革命者面对牺牲的胸怀，而不在于述说革命创业的艰难，所以这一提前又有侧重意义。而更重要的是，这个开头对整个组诗起到了大气包举，笼照全篇的作用。所以这是一个发端突兀，豪气凌云的极好的起句。后两句以"此去泉台招旧部，旌旗十万斩阎罗"作结，是对前面自问式起句的呼应，也可以说是自答之词。但这里丝毫没有议论式的叙说，而是以一种奇特的悬想，形象地表明了陈毅对革命事业无限忠诚，至死不渝的心迹，即使化作鬼魂，也要在九泉之下带领雄兵十万，将反动的统治者彻底埋葬!这个结句犹如空谷中一声惊天动地的长鸣，壮怀激烈，使人拍案叫绝，具有极大的艺术感染力。一个视死如归，正气凛然的共产党人的光辉形象，昂然挺立在读者的面前。第二首"南国烽烟正十年"，是抒写壮志未酬，死难瞑目的情怀，以及对战友满怀激情的鼓励。"此头须向国门悬"句，化用春秋时期吴越争霸中伍子胥的故事，使人产生一种强烈的悲壮之感。接下来两句文气渐缓。结句"捷报飞来当纸钱"尤为精绝，不仅与上首诗紧密呼应，而且从这一出人意表的想象中，透露着一个共产主义战士在临危之际，对革命事业仍然充满乐观主义的坚定信念。宋人陆游放翁在临终之际，给他的子女留下了一首脍炙人口的绝笔诗:"死去元知万事空，但悲不见九州同。王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。"如以此与陈毅的这首诗相比，则陆游虽对国家的统一表示坚信不移，但细味诗意却悲而不壮。陈毅此诗则于抑扬跌宕中尤显其悲壮，感人至深。第三首"投身革命即为家"，表达了诗人面对死亡的坦荡胸怀和共产主义必定胜利的坚定信念。陈毅早年投身革命，从此就成了共产主义事业的急先锋，在敌人的枪林弹雨中英勇奋进，义无反顾。艰苦的斗争生活锤炼出坚定的革命意志，从战友们前仆后继的斗争精神中看到了胜利的曙光。"血雨腥风应有涯"，反动派对人民的血腥屠杀总有一天要结束，人民终究会得到解放，光明的社会总归会到来，共产主义的理想必定会实现!为了革命的胜利，个人的生命又算得了什么!"取义成仁今日事，人间遍种自由花"，就是对第一首自问式起句的最后回答。这是何等博大的胸怀，何等壮烈的气概!

讲解背景知识锦囊词语

1934年10月，江西中央红军开始长征，陈毅因身负重伤，留在江西担任军事指挥。1935年，春，他在敌人重兵围攻下，率部突围到江西、广东两省交界的油山和梅山(梅岭山脉的两座山)地区开展游击战争，直到1937年抗日战争全面爆发才离开。这三首诗就写于这一时期。

讲解背景 知识锦囊 词语

“梅岭”即大庾岭，这是诗人写作的地点；“三章”就是三首的意思。“梅岭三章”是诗人被敌人围困时写下的三首绝命诗。

运用的典故：诗中写到的泉台、阎罗、烧纸钱等，本都是封建迷信中的传说和行为。而诗人将阎罗和阴间地府比作国民党反动政府统治下的人间地狱，用纸钱来代指革命军队的胜利捷报，赋予并传达出一种全新的含义。

“人间遍种自由花”表达的感情：表明诗人预言革命理想必将实现，表现了诗人坚定的革命信念和乐观的革命精神。

“此头须向国门悬”运用了用典的手法，引用了春秋吴将伍子胥“眼悬国门”的典故，意为死不瞑目，忠诚可鉴。写出诗人即使死后仍然关心革命，要看到同志们怎样取得战斗的胜利，敌人怎样遭到失败的。表现出诗人视死如归，为革命英勇殉难的精神。

讲解背景知识锦囊词语

xuè yǔ xīng fēng

释义 1.下着鲜血的雨,刮着腥味的风。形容残酷屠杀和镇压的情景。

yán luó

释义 1.佛教称管地狱的神。也叫阎罗王、阎王、阎王爷。 2.旧时比喻刚直的清官。 3.比喻凶恶残暴的人。

qǔ yì chéng rén

释义 1.指为正义而牺牲生命。

jié bào

释义 1.胜利的消息。

赏析

原题注：一九三六年冬，梅山被围。余伤病伏丛莽间二十余日，虑不得脱，得诗三首留衣底。旋围解。表现了诗人对于革命的忠贞.为国为民的胸怀和滔天的豪情！是1936年冬天中国共产党人陈毅在梅岭被国民党四十六师围困时写下的三首诗。陈毅虽然处在危难之际，但献身革命的决心和对革命必胜的信心却矢志不移。他的革命乐观主义精神，成为中华民族的宝贵精神财富，激励着一代又一代华夏后人为中华民族的伟大复兴艰苦创业，勇往直前，成为爱国主义教育和革命传统教育的生动教材。《梅岭三章》诗碑建于大余县梅关乡梅山村黄坑北侧山坡上，广东南雄梅关古驿道的中段旁也立有一块... 诗词名句网>>

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