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【作者】章碣【朝代】唐

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zhú

竹

bó

帛

yān

烟

xiāo

销

dì

帝

yè

业

xū

虚

，

guān

关

hé

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kōng

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suǒ

锁

zǔ

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lóng

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居

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kēng

坑

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wèi

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lěng

冷

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luàn

乱

，

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刘

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原

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来

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不

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读

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书

。

竹帛烟销帝业虚，关河空锁祖龙居。
坑灰未冷山东乱，刘项原来不读书。

标签:

讽刺叙事咏史怀古议论咏史怀古目的情感

译文注释

焚书的烟雾刚刚散尽，秦始皇的帝业也随之灭亡，函谷关和黄河天险，也锁守不住始皇的故国旧居。
焚书坑的灰烬还没冷却，山东群雄已揭竿起义，起义军领袖刘邦和项羽，原来都不读书！

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释

焚书坑：秦始皇焚烧诗书之地，故址在今陕西省临潼县东南的骊山上。
竹帛：代指书籍。
烟销：指把书籍烧光。
帝业：皇帝的事业。这里指秦始皇统治天下，巩固统治地位的事业。
虚：空虚。
关河：代指险固的地理形势。
关：函谷关。
河：黄河。
空锁：白白地扼守着。
祖龙居：秦始皇的故居，指咸阳。
祖龙：代指秦始皇。
山东：崤函之东。一说指太行山之东，即为秦始皇所灭的六国旧有之地。
刘项：刘邦和项羽，秦末两支主要农民起义军的领袖。
不读书：刘邦年青时是市井无赖，项羽年青时习武，两人都没读多少书。

来源：

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这首诗的首句以秦始皇的焚书坑儒史实作为切入点，明叙暗议，用略带夸张的手法揭示了焚书与亡国之间的矛盾。次句紧承首句，又从另一角度揭示秦王朝灭亡的教训，有利天险也不能守住基业。第三句在点题的同时，进一步对焚书一事做出了评判。最后一句以议论结尾，借刘邦、项羽二人不读书之史实抒发感慨。这首诗以史家笔法，独辟蹊径，把“焚书”与“亡国”看似不相关的事情联系到一起，层层推进，自然圆转，言辞夸张，言他人所未言，巧妙的讽刺了秦始皇焚书的荒唐行为。诗的首句点出焚书坑中所发生的历史事件。当年秦始皇下令搜集所有民间的儒家典籍和百家之书，并进行销毁，诗人... 古诗文网>>

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