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效古赠崔二

【作者】高适【朝代】唐

拼音

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十月河洲时，一看有归思。
风飙生惨烈，雨雪暗天地。
我辈今胡为，浩哉迷所至。
缅怀当途者，济济居声位。
邈然在云霄，宁肯更沦踬。
周旋多燕乐，门馆列车骑。
美人芙蓉姿，狭室兰麝气。
金炉陈兽炭，谈笑正得意。
岂论草泽中，有此枯槁士。
我惭经济策，久欲甘弃置。
君负纵横才，如何尚憔悴。
长歌增郁怏，对酒不能醉。
穷达自有时，夫子莫下泪。

标签:

写景讽刺抒情愤懑边塞

译文注释

寒冬十月我徘徊在河洲之上，一眼看去便想回家乡。猛烈的风暴带来了严寒，雨雪飘飘天地为之无光。我们今天为了什么？浩渺地不知走向何方。遥想那当道的执政，一个个地位显赫名声远扬。他们高远地像坐在云端，哪里还能沦落困顿。款待宾客演奏着流行音乐，门前的马车排得老长。美人像盛开的芙蓉，狭室里散发出兰麝的芬芳。金色的火炉里燃着兽炭，宾主间谈笑风生得意洋洋。有谁知道在广大的平民中，我等是如此枯槁模样。我惭愧没有经世济民的谋略，甘愿长久地被弃置闲放。您有经营天下的才能，为什么也还是那么憔悴忧伤！长歌反添胸中愤懑，对酒不醉烦恼怎忘。穷达自有命运，请您切莫独自泪下成行。

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译文注释

效古：效仿古体。
崔二：事迹不详。
河洲：河中可居之地。《淮南子堕形训》：宵明烛光在河洲，所照方千里。
归思：归意。
飙：疾风，暴风。惨烈形容严寒之态。
惨烈：严寒。
胡为：何为。
浩哉：指世路迷茫浩荡。形容思绪万千，心事浩茫。
缅怀：遥想。
当途者：指身居要位的当权者。语本《韩非子孤愤》：当途之人擅事要，则外内为之用矣。
济济：众盛貌。
声位：声势显赫的地位。
邈然：渺远的样子。
云霄：犹青云，比喻难以企及的高处。
宁肯：怎肯。
更：改变。
沦踬：沉沦坎坷之意。踬，被绊倒，引申为遭遇不利。
周旋：犹应接。
燕乐：又作宴乐，即宴饷之乐。指天子或诸侯宴饮宾客所用的音乐，一般采自民间俗乐，以别于庙堂典礼所用之雅乐。
燕乐：指天子或诸侯宴饮宾客时所用的音乐，多采自民间，以别于庙堂典礼所用的雅乐。
芙蓉：荷花的别称。
兰麝：兰花和麝香，此泛指香气。
兽炭：调合炭末作成兽形。
草泽：荒野之地，此指在野。
枯槁士：形容憔悴。此指自己和崔二均沉沦埋没。
经济策：经世济民之策。
弃置：抛弃，舍掉。
负：享有。
纵横才：有纵横之术的人才。
憔悴：困顿萎靡的样子。这里指政治上失意。
郁怏：郁闷不乐。
穷达：穷，困顿；达，显贵。
夫子：指诗人好友崔二。

来源：

赏析

开始六句，以景托情，情景交隔，渲染出笼罩天地的巨大悲愁。“十月河洲”，景物萧条，托出人心境的悲凉、前途的黯淡，因此有“归欤”之思。三、四句进一步渲染这种“惨”景：狂风的呼啸使气氛更添严酷凄惨，暴雨大雪使天地黯然，故“归思”虽切，却不知“胡为”？“迷所至”，表现进退维谷之状。“浩哉”的强烈感叹，不仅是严酷景象的浑浩无边，也是指悲愁之情的混茫无尽。
紧接着十二句，以“缅怀”（即遥想）二字将人们引向京城，把自己西游长安所见的“当途者”（指权贵）们花天酒地的生活一一展示出来，进一步反衬“我辈”的仓惶失路：权贵们人数众多，名声显赫... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

高适（700-765），渤海蓨（今河北衡水市景县）人，是我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，世称高常侍，作品收录于《高常侍集》。高适与岑参并称“高岑”，其诗作笔力雄健，气势奔放，洋溢着盛唐时期所特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。百科详情>>

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